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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 86(4): 390-396, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388675

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las anomalías congénitas de los riñones y las vías urinarias (CAKUT, Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract) representan un 20-30% de las anomalías detectadas en el periodo prenatal. Si bien la mayoría son de buen pronóstico, un 25% se asocian a enfermedad renal crónica en la infancia y en los casos graves a mortalidad perinatal. OBJETIVO: Describir los casos ingresados al Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente (CERPO) y determinar los resultados perinatales y la sobrevida al año. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ingresadas en la base de datos CERPO, entre los años 2003 y 2019, con diagnóstico de anomalía nefrourológica. Se incluyeron antecedentes prenatales, perinatales y de seguimiento posnatal al año. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 273 pacientes. La edad gestacional promedio de derivación fue de 29 semanas + 2 días. El diagnóstico más frecuente fueron las anomalías del tracto de salida (69%). Un 40% de los casos se asociaron a otras anomalías congénitas, siendo las cardiopatías las más frecuentes (19%). Aceptaron la realización de estudio genético invasivo 38 pacientes, de las cuales un 34% presentaron aneuploidías, siendo las trisomías 18 y 13 las más frecuentes (17% y 6%, respectivamente). Se instalaron cinco shunts derivativos vesicoamnióticos en fetos diagnosticados con megavejiga. La sobrevida global para la patología nefrourológica fue del 63% al año, y la mortalidad fetal y neonatal fue del 7% y el 16%, respectivamente. La sobrevida al año según el grupo de clasificación CAKUT fue del 22% para las anomalías de número de riñones, del 46% para las anomalías de tamaño y de morfología renal, del 60% para las anomalías de la posición renal y del 72% para las anomalías del tracto de salida. En este último grupo, la sobrevida alcanza el 81% al excluir los pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal de megavejiga, que presentaron una sobrevida al año del 28%. Los casos de patología nefrourológica asociada a oligohidramnios (índice de líquido amniótico < 5 cm) sin evidencias de uropatía obstructiva asociada presentaron una sobrevida al año del 3%. CONCLUSIONES: Las anomalías del sistema nefrourológico son un diagnóstico prenatal frecuente. La sobrevida al año fue del 63%, pero es necesario prolongar el seguimiento a largo plazo para determinar la evolución de la función renal en cada diagnóstico. La asociación de patología nefrourológica y oligohidramnios conlleva una sobrevida menor.


INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent 20 to 30% of the anomalies detected prenatally. Although most are of good prognosis, 25% are associated with chronic kidney disease in childhood and severe cases with perinatal mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cases studied in the Eastern Perinatal Referral Center (CERPO) and to determine the perinatal outcome and survival at one year. METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study. Patients registered on the CERPO database, between 2003 to 2019, with diagnosis of nephrourological anomaly were included. Antenatal, perinatal and postnatal follow-up information was collected. RESULTS: 273 patients were evaluated. The average gestational age at referral was 29 + 2 weeks. The main diagnosis was urinary tract outlet disorders (69%). Thirty nine percent of the cases were associated with other congenital anomalies, with heart disease being the most frequent (19%). Thirty-eight patients accepted an invasive procedure for genetic study, 34% presented aneuploidy, trisomy 18 and 13 were the most frequent (17% and 6% respectively). Five vesico-amniotic derivative shunts were installed in fetuses diagnosed with megabladder. Overall survival at one year was 63% and fetal and neonatal mortality were 7% and 16% respectively. One-year survival per group according to CAKUT classification was 22% in kidney number abnormalities, 46% in kidney size and morphology abnormalities, 60% in renal position abnormalities and 72% in outflow tract abnormalities. In the latter, survival reaches 81% excluding the patients with prenatal diagnosis of megabladder who had a one-year survival of 28%. The cases of nephrourological pathology associated with oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < 5 cm) without evidence of associated obstructive uropathy presented a survival of 3% at one year. CONCLUSIONS: The anomalies of the nephrourological system correspond to a frequent prenatal diagnosis. Overall, the one-year survival was 63%; however, follow-up must continue to determine the evolution of renal function in relation to each diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis , Urogenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Kidney/abnormalities , Prognosis , Urogenital Abnormalities/classification , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Chile , Retrospective Studies , Chromosome Aberrations , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis
2.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 46(supl.1): 19-25, July 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134294

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Although urological diseases are not directly related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), urologists need to make comprehensive plans for this disease. Urological conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and tumors are very common in elderly patients. This group of patients is often accompanied by underlying comorbidities or immune dysfunction. They are at higher risk of COVID-19 infection and they tend to have severe manifestations. Although fever can occur along with urological infections, it is actually one of the commonest symptoms of COVID-19; urologists must always maintain a high index of suspicion in their clinical practices. As a urological surgeon, how we can protect medical staff during surgery is a major concern. Our hospital had early adoption of a series of strict protective and control measures, and was able to avoid cross-infection and outbreak of COVID-19. This paper discusses the effective measures that can be useful when dealing with urological patients with COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Urologic Diseases/complications , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/therapy , China , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevention & control
3.
Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 19(1): 12-16, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-797295

ABSTRACT

La Infección del Tracto Urinario (ITU) es una de las patologías infecciosas más frecuentes en pediatría. Como factores de riesgo más relevantes se encuentran el reflujo vesicoureteral y las malformaciones urogenitales. El estudio con imágenes es imprescindible para detectar posibles anomalías del tracto urinario, demostrando la ecografía la mejor correlación costo-beneficio. Objetivo: Describir las características y resultados de las ecografías renales y vesicales de pacientes hospitalizados por ITU en el Hospital San Martín de Quillota (HSMQ) en el año 2014. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo; estudio de casos, se incluyó a niños hospitalizados en el servicio de pediatría del HSMQ durante el año 2014, ingresados con diagnóstico de ITU. Resultados: Ingresos por ITU: 99 pacientes, excluyéndose 27 casos con un número total de 72 pacientes; de estos, 71 % fueron de sexo femenino, 76% lactantes. Del total de ecografías, 55% resultaron normales, 3 1% compatibles con Pielonefritis Aguda (PNA) y 14% con alteración anatómica, siendo lo más frecuente el doble sistema pielocalicial. Discusión: Hubo similitud entre la información entregada por la literatura de un 12 a 15% de ecografías alteradas y un 14% en este estudio.


The Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in children. Vesicouretral reflux and urogenital malformations are amongst the most significant risk factors. The imagenological studies are essential to detect possible anatomical or functional urological abnormalities. Within them, renal ultrasound (US) has the best cost-benefit relation. Objective: Describe the characteristics and results of renal and vesical ultrasound done on patients hospitalized in Hospital San Miguel de Quillota (HSMQ) during 2014, diagnosed with UTI. Material and methods: Descriptive study, cases study includes hospitalized children under the diagnose of UTI in the Pediatric Service of HSMQ during 2014. Results: 99 patients entered with the diagnose of UTI, 27 cases were excluded,with 72 patient which met the inclusion criteria:71% of them were female and 76% were infants. From the total of US, 55% were normal, 3 1% showed acute pyelonephritis (APN) and 14% anatomical abnormalities, where duplicated collecting system was the highest frequency condition. Discussion: There were similar results in literature that showed 12-15% of altered ultrasound compared to 14% obtained in this study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child , Ultrasonography/methods , Urinary Tract Infections , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis
4.
Brasília; Ministério da Saúde; Versão Preliminar; 2016. 23 p. ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: lil-783971

ABSTRACT

Este material tem como objetivo orientar as equipes que atuam na AB, qualificando o processo de referenciamento de usuários para outros serviços especializados. É uma ferramenta, ao mesmo tempo, de gestão e de cuidado, pois tanto guiam as decisões dos profissionais solicitantes quanto se constitui como referência que modula as avaliações apresentadas pelos médicos reguladores.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Primary Health Care/standards , Secondary Care/standards , Urologic Diseases/therapy , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Clinical Protocols/standards , Urology/standards , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Pain/physiopathology , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Health Care Coordination and Monitoring
5.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(2): 279-282, Apr-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-751434

ABSTRACT

Ochoa syndrome is rare and its major clinical problems frequently unrecognized. We describe facial characteristics of six patients to help health professional recognize the inverted smile that these patients present and refer them to proper treatment. Patients’ medical records were reviewed and patients’ urological status clinically reassessed. At last evaluation patients’ mean age was 15.5 years, and age ranged from 12 to 32 years. Mean follow-up was 35 months (12 to 60). Initial symptoms were urinary tract infections in four patients (67%) associated with enuresis and incontinence in three of them (50%). One patient had only urinary tract infection and two lower urinary tract symptoms without infections. Initial treatment consisted of clean intermittent catheterization with anticholinergics for all patients. Four patients (67%) were submitted to bladder augmentation. Two patients had end-stage renal disease during follow-up, one received kidney transplantation and one patient remained on the waiting list for a renal transplantation. Familial consanguinity was present in only one case. This significant condition is rare, but it must be recognized by pediatricians, nephrologists and urologists in order to institute early aggressive urological treatment.


A síndrome de Ochoa é rara, e seus principais problemas clínicos são frequentemente não reconhecidos. Descrevem-se aqui características faciais de seis pacientes para auxiliar profissionais de saúde a reconhecer o sorriso invertido que eles apresentam e encaminhá-los para o tratamento adequado. Os prontuários médicos foram revisados e a condição urológica dos pacientes foi reavaliada clinicamente. A média de idade na última avaliação foi de 15,5 anos, variando de 12 a 32 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 35 meses (12 a 60). Os sintomas iniciais foram infecções do trato urinário em quatro pacientes (67%) associadas com enurese e incontinência urinária em três deles (50%). Um paciente apresentou infecções do trato urinário isoladamente e dois apresentaram sintomas do trato urinário inferior, porém sem infecções. O tratamento inicial consistiu em cateterismo intermitente limpo, com anticolinérgicos em todos os pacientes. Reconstrução urinária foi realizada em quatro pacientes (67%) por meio de ampliação vesical. Dois pacientes apresentaram doença renal em estágio terminal no seguimento, um recebeu transplante renal e outro manteve-se em lista de espera para transplante renal. Consanguinidade familiar esteve presente em apenas um caso. Essa condição significativa é rara, porém deve ser reconhecida por pediatras, nefrologistas e urologistas, a fim de instituir tratamento urológico agressivo precoce.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Intermittent Urethral Catheterization/methods , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Cholinergic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Facies , Follow-Up Studies , Kidney Transplantation , Photography , Retrospective Studies , Smiling , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/complications , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/therapy , Urinary Incontinence/complications , Urinary Incontinence/therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/therapy , Urologic Diseases/complications , Urologic Diseases/therapy
6.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 31(1): 78-84, ene.-mar. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-752994

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las infecciones del tracto urinario constituyen un problema frecuente en la atención primaria de salud. Objetivo: actualizar la prevalencia y susceptibilidad a los antibióticos disponibles en nuestro medio. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo sobre el aislamiento de gérmenes uropatógenos y la susceptibilidad antibiótica del microorganismo más frecuente en 2 912 pacientes ambulatorios que presentaron clínica sugerente de infección urinaria. Se tomó como muestra 484 pacientes con urocultivos positivos que tenían antibiograma realizado, en el municipio Banes, Holguín, desde noviembre del 2012 a octubre del 2013. Se utilizó el método de difusión de Kirby y Bauer. Resultados: la Escherichia coli resultó el germen más frecuente, afectando de igual manera al sexo femenino y mostró mayor resistencia al Ampicillín (83,7 %), Cefazolina (74,5 %), Ácido nalidíxixco (72,1 %), Co-trimoxazol (57,3 %), alrededor del (50,0 %) de resistencia a la Ciprofloxacina, Kanamicina y Ceftaxidima; mejor sensibilidad ante la Gentamicina, Cefotaxima y Ceftriaxona. Conclusiones: la Gentamicina, Cefotaxima y Ceftriaxona las opciones terapéuticas de primera línea en el tratamiento empírico de las infecciones del tracto urinario constituyen en nuestro medio.


Introduction: urinary tract infections are a common problem in primary health care. Objective: update the prevalence and susceptibility to available antibiotics in our environment. Method: a retrospective study was carried out on the isolation of uropathogenic bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility of the most common organism in 2912 ambulatory patients with symptoms suggesting urinary tract infection. The sample was 484 patients with positive urine cultures and susceptibility study performed in Banes municipality, Holguin, from November 2012 to October 2013. Kirby and Bauer diffusion method was used. Results: escherichia coli were the most common pathogen, affecting females. This pathogen showed higher resistance to Ampicillin (83.7%), Cefazolin (74.5%), nalidixic acid (72.1%), Co- trimoxazole (57.3%), about (50.0%) of ciprofloxacin resistance, kanamycin and Ceftaxidima; and better sensitivity to gentamicin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone. Conclusions: treatment options for first-line empiric treatment of urinary tract infections are gentamicin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Urologic Diseases , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies
8.
Rev. chil. urol ; 79(4): 54-58, 2014.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-785416

ABSTRACT

Se define como endometriosis a la presencia de tejido endometrial fuera de la cavidad uterina. La endometriosis del tracto urinario (ETU) se refiere a la presencia de tejido endometrial en o alrededor de la vejiga, uréteres, uretra o riñones, lo que ocurre en alrededor de 1por ciento de los casos. El objetivo de esta revisión es realizar una puesta al día en los conceptos relativos a esta rara enfermedad. Se analiza clínica, fisiopatología y tratamiento.


Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Urinary tract endometriosis (ETU) refers to the presence of endometrial tissue in or around the bladder, ureters, urethra or kidneys, which occurs in about 1percent of cases. The objective of this review is to update the concepts concerning this rare disease. Clinic, pathophysiology and treatment are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Endometriosis/diagnosis , Endometriosis/therapy , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/therapy , Endometriosis/physiopathology , Urologic Diseases/physiopathology
10.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 84(supl.1): S48-S54, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-756667

ABSTRACT

Introducción : las anomalías congénitas nefrourológicas se encuentran en segundo lugar en frecuencia entre las malformaciones detectadas por ecografía prenatal. La importancia del diagnóstico precoz radica en la posibilidad de prevenir infecciones urinarias, corregir la obstrucción urinaria y evitar o enlentecer el deterioro de la función renal. En nuestro país, el 30,4% de los menores de 15 años en diálisis crónica tiene una insuficiencia renal por nefrouropatía malformativa. Los objetivos fueron conocer la tasa de hospitalización, describir las características clínicas y evolutivas de los niños hospitalizados con diagnóstico ecográfico pre y postnatal de malformación nefrourológica. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo. Se incluyeron los niños con ecografía del aparatourinario patológica hospitalizados en el sector de cuidados moderados del HP-CHPR entre 01/07/2012 y el 30/6/2013, se excluyeron aquellos con disfunción vesical o glomerulopatía crónica. Se valoró: edad, sexo, hallazgo ecográfico, diagnóstico nosológico, manifestaciones clínicas, evolución y tratamiento. Resultados: se incluyeron 44 niños, la tasa de hospitalización fue 3.9‰, relación masculino/femenino 1,9/1; la mediana de edad 23 meses (percentil 75: 91 meses). Se realizó ecografía prenatal en 36/44, de las cuales 18 fueron patológicas. Se controlaron ecográficamente luego del nacimiento 11/18. En los 26 pacientes restantes, el diagnóstico ecográfico se realizó en la etapa postnatal previo a la internación en 15 y durante la hospitalización en 11. El número de malformaciones halladas fue 66; 22 fueron bilaterales. Predominaron el reflujo vésicoureteral(n=19), las obstrucciones (n=15), y la agenesia/displasia renal (n=18). Requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico 21, endoscópico seis.(...)


Introduction: congenital abnormalities of urinary tract andkidneys rank second in frequency of structuralabnormalities on antenatal ultrasound. Early diagnosisallows to prevent urinary tract infections, to treat urinarytract obstruction and to avoid or slow the decline in renalfunction. In our country 30,4% of patients younger than 15years old on chronic dialysis have a kidney failurebecause of a congenital abnormality.The aims of this study were to know the hospitalizationrate and to describe clinic and evolutionary characteristicsof hospitalized children with a congenital abnormality ofurinary tract and kidneys diagnosed by antenatal/postnatal ultrasound.Patients and methods: a descriptive and prospectivestudy was performed. Hospitalized children in HP-CHPR,between 01/07/2012 and 30/06/2013, with pathologicultrasound of kidneys or urinary tract, were included.Children with bladder dysfunction or glomerulopathy wereexcluded. We considered age, gender, ultrasoundfindings, definitive diagnosis, clinic manifestations,treatment and outcome.Results: we included 44 children. Hospitalization rate was3.9 0/00, the relation male/female was 1.9/1 and themedian age 23 months (75th percentile: 91 months).Antenatal ultrasound was performed in 36/44 patients; 18of them were pathologic; among these last ones, 11/18underwent postnatal ultrasound to control findings. In theother 26 patients, the diagnosis of pathologic ultrasoundwas made after birth: in 15 of them before thehospitalization and in 11 during the hospitalization. Wefound 66 affected kidneys; 22 were bilateral. The mostfrequent diagnosis were: vesicoureteric reflux (n=19),obstruction (n=15) and renal dysplasia/ agenesis (n=18).Twenty one patients underwent surgical treatment and 6underwent endoscopic treatment; 8 patients receivedmore than one invasive treatment...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/mortality , Congenital Abnormalities/prevention & control , Kidney Diseases/congenital , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Urologic Diseases/congenital , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/therapy , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Ultrasonography
11.
Rev. chil. urol ; 77(1): 27-30, 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783385

ABSTRACT

Las urgencias urológicas en el servicio público suelen ser manejadas por la unidad de emergencia. En esta unidad cirujanos generales son quienes deben decidir manejo o indicaciones de hospitalización de estos pacientes. No todas las unidades de emergencia cuentan con especialistas de llamado. Debido a esto quisimos evaluar los conocimientos generales de patología urológica de urgencia y su manejo por cirujanos de las unidades de emergencia. Se realizó encuesta con preguntas de patología urológica de urgencia y su manejo a cirujanos de 2 unidades de emergencia de hospitales tipo I. Se asignó puntaje considerando correctas menos incorrectas/ 2. Se analizan puntajes obtenidos y se compara si existe diferencia entre cirujanos con o sin rotación de urología en programa de especialidad. Se utilizó análisis no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney(p <0,05). Se realizaron 36 encuestados, 29 de los cirujanos recibieron instrucción de urología en su período de formación. Del total de encuestas, el puntaje alcanzado de respuestas correctas varía entre 4,5 y 15,5 de un total de 17 puntos. En 13 casos se obtuvo más del 75 por ciento de los puntos y 3 menos del 50 por ciento. No hubo diferencia entre quienes recibieron o no formación urológica (p 0,99)...


In our Health System general surgeons usually manage urology’s emergencies. They must decide if a patient needs to be managing inpatient or no. Our objective is tried to determine the general surgeon’s knowledge in some urological diseases. A questionnaire about diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases was applied to general surgeons in 2 emergency apartments. Score was assigned and analyzed.36 general surgeons were interviewed. In 29 cases they had urology rotation during their residency. Score were between 4.5 and 15.5. 13 surgeons got more than 75 percent in their scores. No difference between surgeons with or without urology rotation during their residence was found...


Subject(s)
Humans , Surgeons , Urologic Diseases/surgery , Intensive Care Units , Emergencies , Professional Competence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Emergency Medicine
12.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 37(5): 623-629, Sept.-Oct. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-608131

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of a 'one-stop' clinic in terms of proportion of discharges or inclusion in surgical waiting lists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients were referred from primary care facilities (population 220.646) and from different departments in the hospital. Eight senior urologists, two registered nurses and two nurse attendants participated in the experience. Prior to the start of the project, referral protocols had been agreed with the primary care physicians involved. Compliance with the protocols was periodically tested. Eventually 5537 first visits (January-December 2009) where evaluable. RESULTS: Overall, the 'one-stop' format proved feasible in 74.2 percent of the patients (4108/5537). Patients, who successfully used the 'one-stop' format, were significantly younger than those who required additional consultations (43 vs 50 years old, respectively, Student's t test < 0.001). For obvious reasons the 'one-stop' format was universally possible in male sterilization and penile phimosis patients. Similarly, the 'one-stop' policy was applied in most consultations due to male sexual dysfunction (75 percent) and urinary tract infection (73 percent). Other health problems, such as haematuria (62 percent) and renal colic (46 percent), required more than one visit so that care of the patient reverted to the traditional, outpatient care model. CONCLUSION: A 'one-stop' philosophy is feasible for a number of procedures in a urological outpatient clinic. The costs to implement such an approach would be limited to managerial expenditure.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/standards , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urology Department, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Feasibility Studies , Health Services Needs and Demand/organization & administration , Models, Organizational , Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Referral and Consultation , Spain , Urology , Urologic Diseases/surgery , Urology Department, Hospital/standards , Waiting Lists
13.
Rev. chil. urol ; 76(2): 87-92, 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-658262

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue actualizar el análisis de los egresos hospitalarios (EH) de patologías del sistema genitourinario (PGU) en nuestro país. Para estos efectos se obtuvieron los datos del boletín de egresos hospitalarios del Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL) del año 2005, utilizándose los códigos de la clasificación internacional de enfermedades de la OMS (CIE-10). Los distintos diagnósticos fueron caracterizados según su composición geográfica y demográfica, comparándose con la información publicada en los reportes anteriores. Los egresos por PGU disminuyeron de un 4,13 por ciento a un 3,78 por ciento del total. De esta manera, la patología genitourinaria continúa siendo una contribución menor al total de egresos hospitalarios en el país. Las infecciones del tracto urinario, la hiperplasia prostática benigna, la urolitiasis y la fimosis se mantuvieron como las patologías más frecuentes. Los EH por patología oncológica es el único subgrupo que ha mostrado un alza sostenida durante los 12 años analizados. El presente reporte constituye una aproximación a nuestro quehacer como urólogos en nuestro país, y al mismo tiempo grafica la necesidad de crear herramientas de registro epidemiológico más efectivas.


The aim of the study was to update the analysis of hospital discharges because of genitourinary diseases in our country. For these purposes, data were obtained from the registers of the Chilean Ministry of Health. Diseases were codified according to the WHICD-10 classification. Hospital discharges because of genitourinary diseases showed a slight decrease in 2005 when compared to 2001, from 4.13 percent to 3.78 percent. Consequently, genitourinary diseases are still a minor fraction of the national hospital discharges. The most relevant diseases were urinary tract infections, benign prostate hyperplasia, urolithiasis and phimosis. Hospital discharges because of genitourinary cancer has been the only subgroup showing a steady increase since 1993. The present analysis is a rough estimation of our work as urologists in our country. However, more accurate epidemiological tools are needed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/epidemiology , Chile/epidemiology
14.
Rev. argent. ultrason ; 9(1): 11-20, mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-557715

ABSTRACT

En esta parte se describen distintas anomalías del tracto urinario: malformaciones congénitas, enfermedad renal poliquística autosómica recesiva, enfermedad renal poliquística autosómica dominante, displasia renal multiquística, displasia renal quística obstructiva, y quiste renal simple; así como la evaluación ecográfica postnatal de la patología fetal renal


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Female , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/instrumentation
15.
Rev. argent. ultrason ; 8(4): 205-212, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-539205

ABSTRACT

Principales características del diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal del aparato urinario. En esta entrega se detallan tanto aspectos normales como anomalías del trato urinario como agenesia renal, ectopia renal, riñón pelviano, riñón en herradura, o riñón torácico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Female , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/instrumentation
16.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 35(4): 475-483, July-Aug. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-527207

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Rhythmic or random rectal contractions independent of bladder activity are frequently observed during cystometry and usually attributed either to a neurological disease, or to ageing. The aim of our study was to search for an association of rhythmic rectal contractions (RRCs) with a specific lower urinary tract symptom or/and an urodynamic diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The population consisted of 534 consecutive women with lower urinary tract symptoms and without specific gastro-intestinal disease referred for urodynamics; 382 (non-ND) had no history of neurological disease and 152 (ND) a history of neurological disease. Cystometries were performed according to ICS recommendations. Rectal pressure was measured using a punctured balloon filled with 2 mL of saline. RRCs were defined as rhythmic changes in the rectal pressure of at least 3 cm H2O independent of the total vesical pressure. Results: RRCs were observed in 69 patients, with no difference in neurological status or age (non-ND: 12.3 percent and 65.5y; ND: 14.5 percent and 62.7y). Patients with RRCs were significantly older than the negative population (p = 0.0002). RRCs had a low frequency: 1 - 4/min; their amplitude was ¡Ü 15 cm H2O in 67 patients. RRCs were associated with urgency (35 patients) whatever the neurological status and with detrusor overactivity only in the neurological patients. Conclusions: RRCs cannot be considered as artefactual events during cystometry in women, occur in the older population, are frequently associated with urgency but not with detrusor overactivity or neurological disease. Occurrence of RRCs should prompt the physician to look at the possible causes of urgency (colonic or bladder).


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Rectum/physiopathology , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Urodynamics , Urologic Diseases/physiopathology , Young Adult
17.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 16(8): 864-868, jul. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-599373

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La patología del tracto urinario superior supone un reto diagnóstico para el urólogo. La aparición de nuevo hardware y software de adquisición y procesamiento de imágenes de tomografía computarizada (TC) ha hecho posible el desarrollo de técnicas como la que presentamos en este estudio. Material y métodos: Entre enero de 2005 y agosto de 2007 hemos incluido 57 urografías por tomografía computarizada (Uro-TC) realizadas en nuestro centro a pacientes con enfermedades del tracto urinario superior. Recogemos las indicaciones, los diagnósticos y comparamos los valores de validez interna y externa de la prueba con los de otras exploraciones radiológicas. Resultados: Realizamos un total de 57 exploraciones a 56 pacientes con edades entre los 38 y los 84 años en las que diagnosticamos 21 litiasis, 8 neoformaciones uroteliales, 2 pélvicas, 3 ureterales y 3 vesicales. En 6 pacientes con ureterohidronefrosis de etiología incierta en otras exploraciones conseguimos dilucidar la causa de la obstrucción. Diagnosticamos 2 litiasis durante el seguimiento de pacientes portadores de derivaciones urinarias, así como 5 casos de estenosis benigna. En 11 pacientes se diagnosticaron diferentes malformaciones congénitas. Los valores de validez interna de la prueba fueron superiores a los de las pruebas de imagen usadas convencionalmente para el diagnóstico de trastornos del tracto urinario superior. Conclusiones: La Uro-TC es una prueba eficiente, que está al alcance de la mayoría de centros en los que se disponga de la tecnología necesaria. Permite en casos seleccionados optimizar recursos sanitarios y agilizar el diagnóstico de la enfermedad urológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Ultrasonography , Endoscopy/statistics & numerical data , Endoscopy/instrumentation , Endoscopy , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis
18.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-526882

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de evaluar la experiencia clínica en los Servicios de Nefrología y Urología del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente Octavio de Concepción y de la Pedraja de Holguín se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 351 pacientes atendidos entre enero 1999 y diciembre 2005. En esta serie de 351 pacientes fueron diagnosticadas 535 malformaciones congénitas del riñón y vías urinarias de 19 tipos. El reflujo vesico ureteral primario, la estenosis de la unión ureteropiélica y el doble sistema excretor fueron en ese orden, las malformaciones más frecuentes, siendo la edad más común de diagnóstico durante el primer año de vida. La mayoría de los pacientes se presentaron con infección del tracto urinario y un número importante fueron asintomáticos. La ultrasonografía y la uretrocistografía miccional convencional resultaron una combinación efectiva para el diagnóstico de estas. La mayoría de los pacientes a los que se les realizó diagnóstico prenatal tenían una Hidronefrosis Congénita. La valva de uretra posterior fue la principal causa de insuficiencia renal crónica. Los grados I, II y III de reflujo vesico ureteral primario casi siempre desaparecen espontáneamente, siendo el tratamiento médico o conservador la piedra angular en el manejo de estos pacientes. Apreciamos una relación directa entre la nefropatía de reflujo y el grado de esta entidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Urologic Diseases/congenital , Urologic Diseases/epidemiology , Kidney Diseases/congenital , Kidney Diseases/epidemiology , Age and Sex Distribution , Clinical Evolution , Cuba/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/therapy , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/therapy , Ultrasonography , Urography
19.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 15(supl.1): 45-53, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577477

ABSTRACT

Ultrasound and nuclear medicine appear to be the modalities of choice when dealing with the imaging study of the urinary system in infants. In children, a CT sean does not have the impact it has had on adults, since pediatric patients present with different pathologies and also because of the peculiar physiological conditions of childhood. The Uro-resonance has emerged as a powerful and useful diagnostic tool, bringing together in a single study anatomical images and functional information as well without the use of ionizing radiation. We review the technical aspeets, anatomical and physiological concepts of the study, while providing examples of current applications in the infant.


El estudio por imágenes del sistema urinario del niño ha estado a cargo del ultrasonido y la medicina nuclear. En el niño, la tomografía computada no tiene el impacto que ha tenido en adultos, por tratarse de patologías diferentes y por las condiciones fisiológicas propias de la edad pediátrica. La Uro-resonancia se proyecta como una herramienta útil, reuniendo en un solo estudio imágenes anatómicas e información funcional, en ausencia de radiación ionizante. Se revisan aspectos de la técnica, conceptos anatómicos y fisiológicos del estudio, adicionando ejemplos de aplicaciones en el niño.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Kidney/physiopathology , Urography/methods , Diuretics , Urologic Diseases/physiopathology , Time Factors , Furosemide , Gadolinium , Hydronephrosis/diagnosis , Contrast Media , Radioisotopes , Urinary Tract/physiopathology , Glomerular Filtration Rate
20.
Repert. med. cir ; 18(3): 182-187, 2009. graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-552215

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir la relación entre hallazgos clínicos, laboratorio y gamagrafía renal estática (GR-DMSA) en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados por infección del tracto urinario (ITU) en el Hospital de San José. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 130 pacientes entre tres meses y 14 años de edad. Se tomó información de las historias clínicas revisando las variables: edad, género, fiebre, estado general, leucocitosis en hemograma, velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG), proteína C reactiva, hipostenuria, nitritos y estearasas leucocitarias (EL) en uroanálisis, comparando cada una de ellas con el resultado de la GR-DMSA. Resultados: el 76% de los pacientes mostró pielonefritis con GR-DMSA. El 87,7% de éstos eran lactantes y preescolares y el 72% niñas. Se realizaron análisis bivariados utilizando como medida de asociación el riesgo relativo (RR) y como medida de la precisión el intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. Se encontró que los pacientes que presentan leucocitosis, aumento de la VSG y EL positivas tienen probabilidad 1,81 veces mayor de presentar pielonefritis. Conclusiones: si un paciente presenta leucocitosis, VSG elevada y EL positiva, no se recomienda realizar GR-DMSA, dado que la probabilidad que curse con pielonefritis es 81%. La sensibilidad de estos laboratorios es del 76% y la especificidad del 58%, comparada con la GR-DMSA.


Objective: to describe the relation between clinical symptoms, lab work-up and static renal scan (DMSA) in pediatric in-patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) at the San José Hospital. Materials and methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken. A total of 130 children aged 0.3 months to 14 years were enrolled in the study. Their clinical histories were reviewed considering the following variables: age, gender, fever, general status, leukocytosis (on CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein level, hypostenuria, nitrates and leukocyte stearates (LS) in urinalysis, comparing each of them with the DMSA renal scan results. Results: the DMSA revealed pyelonephritis in 76%. Infants and pre-school children accounted for 87.7% of the latter and 72% were females. A bivariable analysis was performed using relative risk (RR) as the measure of association and a confidence interval (CI) of 95% as the accuracy measure. It was found that patients with leukocytosis, increased ESR and positive LS had 1.81-fold greater odds of pyelonephritis. Conclusions: DMSA is not recommended in patients with leukocytosis, increased ESR and positive LS, for the odds of being associated with pyelonephritis is 81%. The sensitivity of lab work-ups was 76% and specificity was 58%, compared to the DMSA renal scan.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Leukocytosis/diagnosis , Pyelonephritis/diagnosis , Radionuclide Imaging , Urologic Diseases/diagnosis , Urologic Diseases/epidemiology
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